Hindistan’da Hamamböceği Hareketi: Eğitim Bakanı İstifaya Zorlanıyor
Hindistan'ın gençlik öncülüğündeki 'Hamamböceği' hareketi, Eğitim Bakanı Dharmendra Pradhan'ın istifası talebiyle başkent Yeni Delhi'de toplandı. Mizahtan beslenen Hamamböceği Janta Partisi (CJP) destekçileri, Pazartesi günü parlamentoya yürümek isterken polisle çatıştı. Olaylarda en az 180 kişi yaralandı, 60 protestocu ve 118 polis de yaralananlar arasında yer aldı. Protestoların acil tetikleyicisi sınav sorularının sızdırılması ve daha geniş sınav reformu talepleri oldu. Göstericiler, bakan istifa edene kadar eylemlerini sürdüreceklerini açıkladı. Hareket, Başbakan Narendra Modi'nin üçüncü dönemindeki en büyük kamusal meydan okuma olarak değerlendiriliyor. Tutuklanan Gandi kardeşlerin durumu ise protestolara siyasi bir boyut kattı.
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'We won't stop': India's 'Cockroach' movement vows to protest until education minister resigns
India’s Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) movement vowed on Tuesday to press ahead with their campaign until the education minister resigns, a day after at least 180 people were injured in protests in New Delhi. Thousands of protesters gathered in the heart of the Indian capital on Monday, demanding Dharmendra Pradhan’s resignation and wider examination reforms, in a show of force by the CJP online movement. The CJP has won millions of followers on social media since its launch in May, fuelling one of the biggest challenges to Hindu-nationalist Prime Minister Narendra Modi since he won his third term in office in 2024. “We won’t stop. Pradhan has to be sacked,” CJP’s Ashutosh Ranka said in a social media post. Hundreds of protesters remained camped at the Jantar Mantar protest site on Tuesday, many of them calling for wider changes in the education system. On Monday, police fired tear gas and baton-charged protesters to stop them from marching on to parliament, in one of the biggest street rallies in Delhi in around five years. At least 178 people were injured in clashes between protesters and security officials, Delhi Police said. That included 118 police personnel, including senior officers, it said while criticising what it described as “unruly, aggressive and violent behaviour” by a “violent mob”. “During the scuffle, around 60 protesters were also reported to get injured,” it said in a statement late on Monday. Protest organisers condemned the “high-handedness” of the authorities and said hundreds of protesters had been injured. “It’s a shameful day in the history of Indian democracy that people, honest students, who had come for a genuine issue were brutally beaten by the Delhi police,” Ranka told AFP. Ranka, who met senior minister JP Nadda on Monday, said the government had yet to respond to their demands. Despite rapid economic growth, millions of people in the world’s most populous nation still struggle to find stable and well-paying jobs, fuelling discontent. The protests follow a series of examination scandals that have shaken confidence in the country’s testing system. Some 2.2 million aspiring medical students sat for a re-examination under tight security last month after the previous test was scrapped following the leak of a question paper. That came on top of another scandal related to the online marking system of tests taken by nearly 2m high school students.
- Siyasi22 Tem 06:43
Exam paper leaks, protests and Gandhi siblings' arrest — India's 'cockroach' youth movement explained
Thousands of supporters of India’s youth-led “cockroach” movement have been camping in the capital, New Delhi, to demand the resignation of Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, in the biggest public challenge to Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his third term. Here is a look at what sparked the protests and the situation now. Why do protesters want Pradhan to quit? The immediate trigger for the demonstrations was the cancellation of the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), India’s undergraduate medical school entrance exam, after its question papers were found to have been leaked. About two million students across India took the exam on May 3, but it was later scrapped, with about a dozen student suicides linked to its cancellation. A re-test was held in June. Why is NEET important? The exam is the sole gateway to undergraduate medical courses across India, and millions of aspirants sit for it every year, competing for fewer than 150,000 seats, making it one of India’s toughest entrance exams. The situation is also symptomatic of broader strains on the country’s higher education system, where grossly limited spots leave millions cramming for months, or even years, and high-stakes entrance exams leave many of them burnt out and in debt. Have test papers been leaked before? Exam question paper leaks are fairly common in India, and the NEET questions themselves were similarly leaked in some places in 2024, although a re-test was not ordered at the time. Other examination papers have also been leaked in the South Asian nation of 1.4 billion people, including those for recruitment of police constables and teachers. Why is this leak different? The exam leak this year coincided with the birth of the self-named Cockroach Janta Party satire movement, which appears to have channelled the frustration of the youth into the current protests. Experts say the group, which amassed millions of Instagram followers within days of being created in mid-May, tapped into the concerns of under-30s, who make up more than half the country’s population, which includes high youth unemployment and the latest exam paper leak. How has the government responded? Pradhan says the government is committed to addressing the concerns of the youth and promised exam reforms, while Modi himself has vowed to punish those behind the leaks. Health Minister JP Nadda met the protesters on Monday and sought time to discuss their demands, which also include the release of fasting activist Sonam Wangchuk, who was taken to hospital last week, and compensation of 10 million Indian rupees each for the students who died by suicide after the exam leak. What is the situation now? Two days after tens of thousands of protesters attempting to march on parliament were met with tear gas and baton charges, thousands remain camped at the sit-in protest site in New Delhi, where the movement’s leaders say they will remain until their demands are met. Opposition groups, including the main opposition Congress party, have also vowed to raise their cause in and outside parliament, seeing it as a new opportunity to corner Modi and his party over an issue that has massive resonance and impacts Modi’s youth vote base. Indian opposition leader Rahul Gandhi and his sister and fellow lawmaker, Priyanka Gandhi, and several other senior opposition leaders were detained by police after they refused to end their protest outside Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s residence on Tuesday, but were released later.
- Siyasi22 Tem 06:47
Exam paper leak, protests and Gandhi siblings' arrest — India's 'cockroach' youth movement explained
Thousands of supporters of India’s youth-led “cockroach” movement have been camping in the capital, New Delhi, to demand the resignation of Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, in the biggest public challenge to Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his third term. Here is a look at what sparked the protests and the situation now. Why do protesters want Pradhan to quit? The immediate trigger for the demonstrations was the cancellation of the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET), India’s undergraduate medical school entrance exam, after its question papers were found to have been leaked. About two million students across India took the exam on May 3, but it was later scrapped, with about a dozen student suicides linked to its cancellation. A re-test was held in June. Why is NEET important? The exam is the sole gateway to undergraduate medical courses across India, and millions of aspirants sit for it every year, competing for fewer than 150,000 seats, making it one of India’s toughest entrance exams. The situation is also symptomatic of broader strains on the country’s higher education system, where grossly limited spots leave millions cramming for months, or even years, and high-stakes entrance exams leave many of them burnt out and in debt. Have test papers been leaked before? Exam question paper leaks are fairly common in India, and the NEET questions themselves were similarly leaked in some places in 2024, although a re-test was not ordered at the time. Other examination papers have also been leaked in the South Asian nation of 1.4 billion people, including those for recruitment of police constables and teachers. Why is this leak different? The exam leak this year coincided with the birth of the self-named Cockroach Janta Party satire movement, which appears to have channelled the frustration of the youth into the current protests. Experts say the group, which amassed millions of Instagram followers within days of being created in mid-May, tapped into the concerns of under-30s, who make up more than half the country’s population, which includes high youth unemployment and the latest exam paper leak. How has the government responded? Pradhan says the government is committed to addressing the concerns of the youth and promised exam reforms, while Modi himself has vowed to punish those behind the leaks. Health Minister JP Nadda met the protesters on Monday and sought time to discuss their demands, which also include the release of fasting activist Sonam Wangchuk, who was taken to hospital last week, and compensation of 10 million Indian rupees each for the students who died by suicide after the exam leak. What is the situation now? Two days after tens of thousands of protesters attempting to march on parliament were met with tear gas and baton charges, thousands remain camped at the sit-in protest site in New Delhi, where the movement’s leaders say they will remain until their demands are met. Opposition groups, including the main opposition Congress party, have also vowed to raise their cause in and outside parliament, seeing it as a new opportunity to corner Modi and his party over an issue that has massive resonance and impacts Modi’s youth vote base. Indian opposition leader Rahul Gandhi and his sister and fellow lawmaker, Priyanka Gandhi, and several other senior opposition leaders were detained by police after they refused to end their protest outside Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s residence on Tuesday, but were released later.
- Diplomatik22 Tem 14:48
How India’s youth-led ‘Cockroach’ movement challenges Modi
Riot police fired tear gas and used batons in New Delhi as tens of thousands of supporters of the satirical Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) marched towards India’s Parliament on Monday (July 20). Police in the Indian capital said 60 protesters and 118 police officers were injured in the clashes between demonstrators and security forces. Mobile
- Siyasi22 Tem 08:01
Under soaring pressure after 'cockroach' movement protests, India's education minister promises reforms, debate
India’s education minister said that Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s administration was committed to addressing the concerns of protesting youth and exam reforms, in the latest sign that the government was beginning to respond to growing protests. The comments by Dharmendra Pradhan are his first since the youth-led “cockroach” movement launched a protest in New Delhi last month seeking his resignation over the leak of medical school test papers that affected some two million students and was linked to several student suicides. The protests by the self-named Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) — which began as an online satire — involved a few hundred young people when they were first launched. This week, the movement has grown into the biggest youth challenge to Modi in his third term as the prime minister as tens of thousands of protesters took to the streets of Delhi on Monday, clashing with police who used tear gas and batons to push them back. The protests gained further momentum on Tuesday when the main opposition Congress party, led by Rahul Gandhi, launched a sit-in outside the gates leading to Modi’s residence. Gandhi, his sister Priyanka Gandhi Vadra and several other senior opposition leaders were detained by police after they refused to end their protest, but were released late on Tuesday. “Our government remains 100 per cent committed to discussing NEET and addressing every genuine concern of our youth on the floor of the house,” Pradhan said in a post on X late on Tuesday, referring to the medical school entrance test. “The students of India deserve far better than being treated as props in a political campaign,” he said, referring to Gandhi’s protest. “We owe our students more than outrage. We owe them answers, reforms and accountability. That is exactly what our government remains committed to delivering,” he added. Pradhan’s comments follow those by Modi on Tuesday — his first on the issue — who vowed to punish those behind the exam leaks and also called on his lawmakers to help create a foolproof exam system. Separately, Health Minister JP Nadda held talks with CJP leaders on Monday for the first time and assured them the government would consider their demands. Gandhi demands debate in Parliament Youth anger and protests over the exams have become the biggest challenge for the prime minister in his third term. The CJP’s surge in popularity reflects frustrations among young Indians over issues such as job shortages, as well as exam leaks, which they say happen frequently. It has also given opposition parties a rare opening to pressure Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), who count young voters as a core base and have won a series of state elections since a shock result in the 2024 election, when Modi did not win an outright parliamentary majority. “Why is the Indian education system collapsing? Why are papers leaking? Why is education so expensive in India? Why do families have to destroy themselves financially to educate their children?” Gandhi said in a video message recorded while he was in detention at a Delhi stadium on Tuesday night. “These are legitimate questions. And there’s absolutely nothing wrong with asking these questions,” he said. Gandhi said the students’ issues should be debated in parliament on Wednesday and Modi should apologise to the students for the police action on Monday and begin reforms to the examination and education systems as soon as possible. The CJP movement gained momentum from the support of activist Sonam Wangchuk, who began a hunger strike on June 28, but was forcibly moved to a hospital by police on Saturday. On Tuesday, he was moved to a private hospital following a court order in response to a petition from his wife that alleged he had been illegally detained.
- Siyasi23 Tem 15:35
Two decades of mass protests in India
Thousands of supporters of India’s youth-led “cockroach” movement have been protesting since June, demanding the education minister resign over exam paper leaks, in the biggest challenge to Prime Minister Narendra Modi in his third term. Activists say the leaks showed widespread corruption, a complaint which has brought crowds onto the streets for years. Following are details of major rallies, triggered by graft and other crimes and causes, over the past two decades. April 2011 Anti-corruption activist Anna Hazare started the first of two hunger strikes in a bid to push the government to bring in anti-graft legislation. Hundreds of thousands rallied to his support across the country and he was briefly jailed by the then-Congress alliance government. India’s parliament eventually passed an anti-graft law, though Hazare said it watered down his demands. Some of his supporters went on to form the Aam Aadmi Party in 2012, now one of Modi’s opponents in parliament. December 2012 Public fury over the gang-rape of a young woman on a moving bus in New Delhi erupted into mass protests in the capital. Crowds blockaded roads, broke through police lines in street confrontations and called for an overhaul of a system and a society they said had failed to tackle violence against women. Many demanded the culprits be executed. The 23-year-old woman died in a Singapore hospital a few days after the attack. In response, India amended laws to expand the definition of sexual assault and set up fast-track courts to speed up trials in such cases. December 2019 India’s parliament passed a new citizenship law that brought hundreds of thousands of people to the streets in protests and triggered bouts of sectarian violence that killed at least 76 people. The Citizenship Amendment Act aimed to fast-track citizenship for Hindus, Parsis, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains and Christians who arrived in India on or before December 31, 2014 from neighbouring Muslim-majority Afghanistan, Bangladesh and Pakistan. Critics said the law, alongside a proposed national register of citizens, discriminated against Muslims and violated the spirit of India’s secular constitution. Some feared the government would remove the citizenship of Muslims without documents in some border states. India implemented the law in March 2024. September 2020 Thousands of farmers blocked roads and railway tracks in protests against new legislation that they say could pave the way for the government to stop buying grain at guaranteed prices, leaving them at the mercy of private buyers. Modi’s government defended the bills, saying they would help rid India’s vast agriculture sector of antiquated laws and allow farmers to sell to institutional buyers and big retailers. The protests lasted more than a year before Modi repealed the laws. June 2022 An overhaul of military recruitment, designed to bring in fitter, younger troops and reduce pension expenditure, triggered rail blockades and protests across the country. Recruits, veterans and opposition leaders objected to the introduction of fixed four-year contracts, saying people would struggle to get other jobs once their service was over. Modi’s government refused to roll back the programme but offered instead to reserve 10 per cent of state vacancies for those who had served the four years. August 2024 Thousands of doctors took to the streets for months after the rape and murder of a trainee doctor in a government hospital in the eastern city of Kolkata. Protesters demanded safer workplaces, a crackdown on violence against women and a swift investigation into the attack.
- Siyasi24 Tem 13:17
Indian government seeks time on youth protesters' minister resignation demand
Leaders of India’s youth-led “cockroach” movement said on Friday that the government has sought time until Saturday afternoon to respond to their demand for the education minister’s resignation over exam paper leaks, following talks between the two sides. The talks came hours after activist Sonam Wangchuk ended his 26-day hunger strike, raising hopes that the two sides could reach a breakthrough after tens of thousands of angry youth converged in the capital Delhi this week to demand the minister’s resignation. The anti-government protests represent the biggest youth challenge to Prime Minister Narendra Modi since he came to power in 2014. Opposition parties have echoed the movement’s demands and have disrupted the monsoon session of parliament that began this week. Friday’s talks were held between senior federal ministers JP Nadda and Jitendra Singh on one side, and Saurav Das and Ashutosh Ranka, spokespersons of the self-named Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) youth movement, on the other. Saurav Das speaks as Ashutosh Ranka, both spokespersons for the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), shows the demand letter to media after holding talks with JP Nadda, one of India’s senior federal ministers, outside the Constitution club in New Delhi, India on July 24, 2026. — Reuters The CJP leaders said they had conveyed that nothing would be acceptable to them without Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan’s resignation, and warned that without this, protests would spread. “The government has asked for time until tomorrow afternoon to respond on this point (the resignation),” Ranka told reporters. “We hope the government will dismiss Dharmendra Pradhan at the earliest, or that he will resign, so that we can bring this matter to a conclusion.” Minister Nadda said the talks were cordial. “They had three main demands. We have told them we will meet you tomorrow afternoon and discuss the demands,” he said. Scattered protests across the country Besides the resignation of Pradhan, CJP wants police cases filed against protesters dropped, and compensation paid to families of more than a dozen students who local media reported took their own lives after the exam paper leak in May. Although the protesters agreed to hold talks, they had also called for nationwide demonstrations on Friday over alleged police brutality against protesters who marched on parliament on Monday. While thousands of protesters continued to gather at the main protest site of Jantar Mantar in central Delhi, there were reports of scattered protests across the country. Students, youth activists and opposition supporters staged protests in the states of West Bengal, Telangana, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, holding placards demanding Pradhan’s resignation and boycotting classes in some places, local media reported. People gather in solidarity with Cockroach Janta Party (CJP) protests held at Jantar Mantar in New Delhi, which demand the resignation of India’s Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan over exam paper leaks, in Kolkata, India on July 24, 2026. — Reuters Parliament was disrupted and suspended again on Friday as opposition lawmakers also demanded Pradhan’s resignation, with no business conducted for the entire week. The protests by CJP began as an online satire and involved only a few hundred young people when they were first launched. But they grew to pull in millions of online followers when a national medical school entrance test was cancelled in May because the question paper was leaked earlier, affecting about 2 million students. Tens of thousands of supporters of the movement marched on parliament in violation of a ban on Monday and clashed with police when they were pushed back with tear gas and beaten with batons. Metro stations shut, mobile internet blocked again The movement’s surge in popularity reflects frustrations among young Indians over issues such as job shortages, as well as frequent exam leaks, analysts say. The Delhi Metro Rail Corp. shut down 17 stations in and around central Delhi on Friday, the third time this week it resorted to such a large-scale closure of the system, which is the lifeline of the capital. The government extended a mobile internet shutdown in the area until midnight on Friday, two industry sources told Reuters. The government also defended surveillance by police at the protest site, saying in court that there was no right to privacy in a public space when there is a legitimate state interest. Youth-led, street protests in neighbouring Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Nepal have brought down governments in recent years. Although national elections are due only by April 2029, key states like the most populous, Uttar Pradesh, run by Modi’s party, his home state of Gujarat, and Punjab, vote next year and anti-government sentiment could have an impact, analysts say.
- Siyasi27 Tem 08:54
India's Cockcroach Janta Party demands release of protesters after reports of detention
India’s youth-led “cockroach” movement, whose protests have forced the education minister’s resignation, urged authorities on Monday to release all demonstrators detained in weeks of rallies nationwide. The online Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), which organised protests over exam paper leaks and other irregularities, said they had received reports of students held in detention, particularly in the states of Assam, West Bengal and Bihar. “Any failure to release those detained or withdraw criminal cases would amount to a breach of public trust,” the protest group said in a statement, adding they would take “further necessary steps” if their demand was not met. The statement comes two days after Dharmendra Pradhan resigned as education minister over repeated failures in the conduct of competitive exams that have fuelled anger among millions of young Indians. The CJP accused the government of backtracking after authorities had assured them that no punitive action would be taken against protesters. The movement has won millions of followers on social media since it was launched in May by 30-year-old public relations graduate Abhijeet Dipke. It emerged initially as a satirical response to Chief Justice Surya Kant reportedly likening young people to “cockroaches” and “parasites” during a court hearing. The movement has since broadened its agenda to include concerns over unemployment, opportunities for young people and what it describes as Modi’s increasingly authoritarian style of governance. Tens of thousands of protesters, mainly students, rallied last week in New Delhi and other cities, demanding Pradhan’s resignation and broader reforms of the examination system. Demonstrations in the Indian capital turned violent on July 20 when a crowd attempted to march towards parliament from the Jantar Mantar protest site. Police fired tear gas and used batons to disperse the protest, triggering clashes and a wave of detentions. The protests have emerged as one of the biggest challenges to Modi since his re-election for a third term in office in 2024. The issue reverberated in parliament on Monday, with repeated disruptions as opposition lawmakers demanded a response from the government over last week’s police crackdown. Despite the disruptions, the government introduced legislation in the lower house seeking tougher penalties for examination paper leaks. A series of exam irregularities have undermined trust in India’s testing system, including the leak of a medical entrance question paper that forced more than two million candidates to retake the test. Another dispute involving the online marking of examinations taken by nearly two million high school students has further fuelled public anger.
- Siyasi27 Tem 08:52
India protesters celebrate as education minister resigns, Modi announces exam system reform
For five weeks, New Delhi saw one of the biggest protests in recent history led by the Cockroach Janata Party, founded by 30 year old Abhijeet Dipke. He was joined by students from across the country in his sit-in protest. Protesters kept pouring in at Jantar Mantar even after a brutal crackdown by police and security forces in which dozens were injured. But nothing moved them out of the protest site. And it was this collective determination of India’s Gen Z that forced the education minister to resign. On Saturday, celebrations were in full swing. FRANCE 24’s Navodita Kumari, Jeanne Hutin and Fantine Dantzer report.
- Siyasi27 Tem 09:35
India's Cockroach Janta Party demands release of protesters after reports of detention
India’s youth-led “cockroach” movement, whose protests have forced the education minister’s resignation, urged authorities on Monday to release all demonstrators detained in weeks of rallies nationwide. The online Cockroach Janta Party (CJP), which organised protests over exam paper leaks and other irregularities, said they had received reports of students held in detention, particularly in the states of Assam, West Bengal and Bihar. “Any failure to release those detained or withdraw criminal cases would amount to a breach of public trust,” the protest group said in a statement, adding they would take “further necessary steps” if their demand was not met. The statement comes two days after Dharmendra Pradhan resigned as education minister over repeated failures in the conduct of competitive exams that have fuelled anger among millions of young Indians. The CJP accused the government of backtracking after authorities had assured them that no punitive action would be taken against protesters. The movement has won millions of followers on social media since it was launched in May by 30-year-old public relations graduate Abhijeet Dipke. It emerged initially as a satirical response to Chief Justice Surya Kant reportedly likening young people to “cockroaches” and “parasites” during a court hearing. The movement has since broadened its agenda to include concerns over unemployment, opportunities for young people and what it describes as Modi’s increasingly authoritarian style of governance. Tens of thousands of protesters, mainly students, rallied last week in New Delhi and other cities, demanding Pradhan’s resignation and broader reforms of the examination system. Demonstrations in the Indian capital turned violent on July 20 when a crowd attempted to march towards parliament from the Jantar Mantar protest site. Police fired tear gas and used batons to disperse the protest, triggering clashes and a wave of detentions. The protests have emerged as one of the biggest challenges to Modi since his re-election for a third term in office in 2024. The issue reverberated in parliament on Monday, with repeated disruptions as opposition lawmakers demanded a response from the government over last week’s police crackdown. Despite the disruptions, the government introduced legislation in the lower house seeking tougher penalties for examination paper leaks. A series of exam irregularities have undermined trust in India’s testing system, including the leak of a medical entrance question paper that forced more than two million candidates to retake the test. Another dispute involving the online marking of examinations taken by nearly two million high school students has further fuelled public anger.
- Diplomatik29 Tem 13:41
Has the ‘Cockroach’ movement changed Indian politics?
Has the ‘Cockroach’ movement changed Indian politics? Expert comment jon.wallace 29 July 2026 The movement has tapped into dissatisfaction with employment opportunities and the economy. But it does not threaten a Gen Z revolution of the kind India’s neighbours have undergone. An Indian youth movement led by an organization calling itself ‘the Cockroach Janata Party’ (CJP) has called a halt to weeks of protest in India, after securing a significant victory: India’s government has acceded to its key demands, and the education minister has resigned. The rise of the CJP has been remarkable. It began as an online satirical platform, responding to a remark by India’s chief justice in which he referred to the country’s unemployed youth as ‘cockroaches’. But since May it has swiftly developed into a real movement for political and social change, tapping into broader dissatisfaction among India’s young people. The immediate trigger was a leak in the country’s medical examinations, which over 2.2 million students were due to sit in May. There were reports of several suicides associated with the decision to cancel and then reschedule the exams. The CJP began protests at a site in New Delhi near India’s Parliament, calling for the resignation of the education minister and compensation for affected families. Protests also took hold in other parts of the country. Movement founder, Abhijit Dipke, returned to India in June to lead the demonstrations. The size of crowds grew from hundreds to thousands after a veteran activist, Sonam Wangchuk, who went on a hunger strike in support of the CJP demonstrations, was forcibly removed from a protest – ostensibly on health grounds. Then heavy-handed tactics by the police against the young protestors went viral, fuelling support for the demonstrations among opposition politicians, celebrities and other sections of Indian society. With the CJP’s key demands met, the demonstrations have now died down. But the grievances that led to its emergence have not disappeared. Fundamental grievances remain unresolved Disaffection among Indian youth reflects structural problems in the economy, including wider flaws in the education system and a lack of employment opportunities. The exam leak was only the latest in a string of scandals facing the country’s national examination system. Another major leak occurred in 2024. And there have also been leaks of tests for other public service officials, including the police, teachers and engineers. This points to the need to reform India’s over-centralized examination system, which is overseen by the National Testing Agency, an autonomous body within the Ministry of Education. Education is an emotive issue in India. The country’s middle class spends large proportions of their disposable income on navigating the highly competitive examination system – often through coaching, which is big business in India. The broader structural problem is the lack of economic opportunity for young people. A third of India’s working age population are aged between 15-29 years. And nearly 40 per cent of school graduates aged between 15-25 years are unemployed. Related work South Asia’s Gen Z revolutions now face difficult realities Even before the latest demonstrations, there were signs of frustration with the government. Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) performed more poorly than expected in the 2024 general election. This was attributed in part to concerns about rising youth unemployment and inequality. The party secured a third consecutive term but on a weaker mandate that made it more beholden to its coalition partners. These concerns have been exacerbated by the Iran conflict, which is pressuring India’s economy and weakening the Indian Rupee, which is the among the world’s poorest performing currencies. These economic stresses, combined with flaws in the country’s education system, lie at the heart of India’s youth movement. But this does not mean that India will follow in the footsteps of other countries that have experienced so-called Gen Z revolutions. Similarities and differences South Asia has experienced a string of recent ‘people power’ movements. In Sri Lanka in 2022, Bangladesh in 2024 and Nepal in 2025, governments were ousted by largescale social unrest fuelled by growing economic distress, political dysfunction, demographic pressures and the role of social media. There are clear parallels between these movements and the CJP. India also has a young, aspirational population with grievances over the lack of opportunities. Many feel that the system is inherently unfair, dogged by administrative failures, and unresponsive to their needs. Social media has fuelled their grievances, mobilizing populations and presenting an alternative narrative to the state’s. However, these comparisons have limitations. India’s youth movement will not unseat the government in the way that it has in neighbouring countries. Despite its name, the CJP is not (yet) a political party, although several opposition politicians are supporting its cause with moral and material support. The group’s objective during the recent demonstrations was quite narrowly defined to reforming the country’s education system. And the Modi government is on much stronger footing than its peers in neighbouring countries. The BJP has been in power at the national level since 2014. The party and its allies control governments in 22 of India’s 36 states and union territories. There is no strong and unified political opposition. Grassroots movements face a high barrier to translate their protest support into political power in India. That increasingly leaves street movements as the means by which the population voices its opposition to the government – from the farmers’ protests in 2020-21 opposing agricultural law reform, to earlier protests against the Citizenship Amendment Act, which offers fast-track citizenship to minorities from neighbouring countries (but notably not Muslims). Within a day of the CJP calling a halt to its demonstrations, another group – calling itself the E20 Janta Party – was established to oppose the government’s ethanol-blended fuel requirements. Most of all, grassroots movements face a high barrier to translate their protest support into political power in India, particularly at the national level: Anti-corruption demonstrations in 2011 led to the establishment of the Aam Admi Party (Common Man’s Party). At the time it was seen as a potential third front in Indian politics (after the BJP and Indian National Congress). But today the party only controls one state. Moreover, despite his strongman image, Modi consistently demonstrates the ability to adapt. After ‘sticks’ failed to quash the CJP protests, his government pivoted to ‘carrots’ – meeting with CJP representatives to hear their demands and censuring several people associated with the exam leak, before dismissing the education minister. Following an initial period of silence, Modi himself pledged ‘swift and stringent punishment’ for those responsible for the exam paper leaks. A bill was tabled in parliament this week that entails the establishment of fast-track courts to investigate such leaks. And a taskforce led by Infosys co-founder Nandan Nilekani has also been set up to look into the issue. Modi also noted that ‘nothing is more important than the welfare and future of our youth’. Outlook This does not mean that the CJP has not had an impact on India’s politics. The government has been bruised by these demonstrations. As a result, it is more likely to adopt a go-slow approach on some of its more controversial policies, including implementation of a Uniform Civil Code and delimitation of parliamentary constituencies. And while youth led parties may have a limited impact at the national level, they could have a growing impact at the state level. The Tamil Nadu state election earlier this year saw a relatively new political party (TVK) defeat the state’s well-entrenched political parties with the aid of the youth vote. By the time of the next general election in 2029 the BJP will have been in power for 15 years, making Modi India’s longest serving prime minister. A degree of Modi fatigue, combined with concerns about the economy and other governance challenges could yet weaken support for the government. However, as of now it is more likely that movements like the CJP will be a spoiler that erodes the BJP’s mandate, rather than helping to create the kind of cohesive and coordinated opposition required to unseat the government.
- Siyasi31 Tem 10:00
‘Fear of the regime has now gone’: How big a risk does ‘cockroach’ movement pose to India’s BJP?
The Narendra Modi-led government has often declared proudly that its ministers do not resign under public pressure, unlike those from previous governments. However, that hubris was shattered on July 25 when Dharmendra Pradhan, India’s education minister, was forced to resign following widespread youth anger and resistance galvanised by the successful protest in New Delhi led by the Cockroach Janta Party (CJP). The first such capitulation by a cabinet minister since Modi came into power in 2014 has prompted questions on the wider political impact of this youth-led movement on the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) ahead of key state elections, including in India’s most populous state of Uttar Pradesh, in 2027. While CJP maintains it has no immediate plans to transform itself into a political party, its unprecedented success and continuing pressure on the government has not only dented Modi’s invincibility but also revitalised the opposition, both on the streets and in Parliament. Modi biography author and political commentator Nilanjan Mukhopadhyay described the successful protests as “a big blow to Modi’s strongman image”, as well as “possibly a big turning point in Indian political history”. “The fear of the regime has now gone,” he told The Straits Times, noting how young people continued protesting despite being beaten with batons by the police, tear-gassed and even fired upon with pellet guns by paramilitary forces. Mukhopadhyay said Pradhan’s resignation had also reignited the popularity of youth-led protests that “had faded from public minds”. “The romanticism of the idea of a protest has come back in a big way after several decades in India,” he added. This could encourage similar protest movements on other issues by other groups, further mobilising public anger and potentially creating problems for the government, he noted. India’s opposition parties have latched on to the momentum generated by these protests and kept the pressure up on the government. On July 29, Congress leader Rahul Gandhi directed his criticism in Parliament at Home Minister Amit Shah, who controls Delhi Police, as well as the country’s paramilitary forces, demanding that he, too, resign for having “ordered the shooting of our students”. BJP has denied this charge. “On what basis are you saying this?” shot back Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kiren Rijiju. CJP founder Abhijeet Dipke echoed Gandhi’s demand on July 30, alleging that the July 20 attacks on protesters during their attempted parliament march against examination irregularities were carried out on Shah’s instructions. Why did the government give in to CJP’s demands? Analysts have said that the government’s decision to accede to CJP’s demands was prompted by fears that further repression of the protests could harm BJP’s support base among the youth. Around 39 per cent of voters between the ages of 18 and 25 had voted for BJP in the 2024 general election, giving it the largest youth vote share among all political parties. Yet, BJP failed to gauge the groundswell of anger among young people, especially over exam paper leaks. Even children of BJP ministers and allies either joined the protest or expressed support online. At Jantar Mantar, the protest site in New Delhi, young people coalesced across different religions and social groups – 30-year-old Dipke himself is a Dalit, a marginalised Hindu caste. The protesters also couched their opposition with patriotism and belief in India’s constitutional ideals, a heady mix that proved difficult for BJP to counter. Modi, who came under direct attack from the outspoken youth, has sought to limit the damage with several actions. These include the passage of an anti-paper leak legislation in the lower house of Parliament on July 29, as well as the creation of a task force to set up a leak-proof examination system. The prime minister also released a series of informal, selfie-style vertical videos to reach out to young people and urged his ministers to be more active on Instagram. CJP has criticised these moves, with Dipke saying that Modi should quit the prime minister’s post and instead “become an influencer”. CJP and other protesting youth-led groups have also questioned the effectiveness of the new measures, arguing that they do not focus on factors that lead to examination paper leaks in the first place and fail to fix accountability at top levels of the government. The groups have also kept up their campaign to ensure that students and other protesters are released from captivity and have charges against them dropped, something that was agreed to between the government and CJP. “This government must understand that the students’ anger has not subsided. There is immense anger among the people, and if required, protests will happen again and be bigger than the previous one,” CJP posted on X on July 29. Faced with these threats, the authorities have stepped up security around Jantar Mantar, even welding metal barricades together for better reinforcement against protesters. The successful protest has reinvigorated several other youth-led organisations that had existed for decades before CJP came into being in May 2026 and had rallied together to support the movement at Jantar Mantar. Among them is the left-leaning All India Students’ Association. Its president, Neha, who prefers to use only her first name, said: “The win is, of course, the resignation of an incapable education minister, but it is also a win that… not even BJP, after more than 10 years of being in power, can say we are beyond democracy and our Cabinet ministers need not concern themselves with serving the public. “It has shown us that BJP can be defeated by the combined might of the people of this country. And it gives us hope for the several other battles that have been continuing so far and where we’ve not yet registered victory.” In recent days, copycat protests by schoolchildren demanding better education facilities at government schools have erupted in three states – Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Rajasthan. Some protesting youth groups even returned to Jantar Mantar on July 29 to condemn the “police crackdown” on protesters in BJP-governed states such as West Bengal, Bihar and Assam. BJP fights back ahead of state polls Meanwhile, the government has also put up a fight – with the authorities asking social media platforms to take down posts critical or abusive of Modi, and pro-BJP social media users even trying to dox students who had criticised the Prime Minister openly on camera. BJP leaders even gave Pradhan a rousing welcome at Parliament on July 26, a day after his resignation. “They are certainly not bowing down,” said Mukhopadhyay, noting there are legitimate fears of further “repression (by BJP) and tightening of the noose around democracy”. The first big electoral test following these protests will come in the first quarter of 2027, with state elections in Uttar Pradesh, which is currently governed by BJP. Amitabh Tiwari, a political strategist and founder of Vote Vibe, an opinion polling agency, said the protests reflect a malaise beyond just paper leaks, including issues such as youth unemployment. He added that while they pose an electoral challenge to BJP, the protests had also highlighted the opposition’s failure to take up these longstanding concerns effectively and draw public support the way CJP had with an estimated tens of thousands of protesters on the ground and millions of followers online. “If the credit itself has not accrued to the opposition parties for these protests and resignation, I feel it is unlikely that the electoral benefit could accrue to them,” said Tiwari. Opposition parties, he noted, have to go beyond mere criticism of the government and must offer tangible solutions for youth-related concerns to translate youth anger into votes. “That is a missing link. If they do that, then, of course, they could see some gains,” he added. A pushback against gerontocracy Tiwari told ST the protests are also a warning sign for India’s gerontocracy that has failed to give young people a fair share in governance and take up their issues. “The youth are saying our voice is unheard in this entire political system, that India is a young country but one that is ruled by grandfathers and grandmothers,” he said. India has a young population, with a median age of 29 years, but the average age of MPs elected in 2024 stood at 56 years. Nearly 50 per cent of the 1,000-plus respondents of a snap poll conducted in Indian cities by Vote Vibe in June had said that there potentially exists a political space for a party focused mainly on youth-related concerns. “I see it as a call for, rather than a threat to, political parties to give more representation to youth in their ecosystems,” said Tiwari. “And if that does not happen, they’re signalling that they can align with forces like CJP were they to plunge into politics in the future.” This article originally appeared on The Straits Times, an ANN partner of Dawn.
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