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Stressed (IPC Phase 2) expected in the south and west due to below-average harvest

Stressed (IPC Phase 2) expected in the south and west due to below-average harvest Key Messages Key Messages Stressed (IPC Phase 2) outcomes are expected in western and eastern areas of Zambia, June through September, as households rely on their own food stocks to meet their food needs. However, localized weather shocks, restrictions on livestock movement due to foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), and declining fishing, are expected to reduce purchasing power for essential non-food goods. Minimal (IPC Phase 1) outcomes are anticipated elsewhere as the record 2026 maize harvest of approximately 5 million metric tons, improves household food stocks and purchasing power due to above-average income from crop sales. Stressed (IPC Phase 2) outcomes are expected from October 2026 to January 2027, in areas of the north, south, and among fishing communities, with further spread in the west and east. As the lean season begins, household food stocks are projected to decrease, following typical seasonal trends, as households are expected to increase their reliance on the market for food purchases. As income is expected to be sufficient to support market purchases for food, most households will likely continue to meet their food needs but are unable to cover nonfood expenses. An El Niño event is currently ongoing and is expected to strengthen during 2026/27 rainy season. Below-average rainfall and delayed onset of the October 2026 to May 2027 rainy season are most likely. Southern and southwestern Zambia are anticipated to experience below-average rainfall along with above-average temperatures. This is expected to drive reductions in the area planted and agricultural labor opportunities and income, as the rain starts. As a result, households are expected to experience a gradual decline in purchasing power. FEWS NET estimates that 500,000-749,999 people will need humanitarian food assistance during the peak lean season between December 2026 and January 2027. Food assistance needs are expected to rise gradually as household food stocks decline, market dependence increases, and purchasing power weakens, particularly among low-income households in southern and western Zambia. The analysis in this report is based on information available as of June 25, 2026. Food security context Food security in Zambia largely depends on agricultural production, which is the primary source of food and income for most households. Approximately 55 percent of the population relies on rainfed smallholder farming, with maize as the main staple grain, alongside cassava, sorghum, and ground nuts. Cash crops such as soybeans, wheat, cotton, and tobacco, along with livestock production, contribute to the economy through export earnings and domestic use. Zambia has one rainy season, from October to March, while irrigation or residual moisture supports limited second season production from April to September. Small-scale fishing also contributes to household food and income near major rivers, lakes, or dams. Overfishing and the decline in the fishing population are the main concerns, and the government has implemented some restrictions to allow replenishment. Crop production varies across Zambia, with Northern and Central provinces benefiting from typically higher and more reliable production, while Southern, Northwestern, and Western provinces are prone to erratic rainfall, leading to poorer harvests. In favorable seasons, Zambia produces a surplus and exports to neighboring countries such as the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Malawi. However, the country has untapped agricultural potential, with only 14 percent of its total arable land under cultivation. Crop production is constrained by limited access to inputs, high transportation costs, and poor infrastructure. National food production fluctuates due to seasonal pressures and recurring weather-related shocks, resulting in periods of relative self-sufficiency in good production seasons and increased market dependence during poor production years. During poor seasons, unfavorable yields are compounded by the annual lean season (typically November to March), when food stocks decline, prices rise, and poor households become increasingly reliant on markets or food access. El Niño years are mostly associated with below-average October to March rainfall, a delayed start to the rainy season, and lower water levels in major dams. In contrast, La Niña years are mostly associated with above-average rainfall, with some areas affected by flooding and crop pests/diseases. As both conditions cause extreme weather, parts of the country are affected by drought or flooding. Between 2015 and 2025, recurrent droughts primarily associated with El Niño events, along with floods, dry spells, and pest outbreaks, disrupted agricultural production and food access, particularly in the Southern, Western, and Northwestern provinces. Since the 2016/17 rainy season, the emergence of Fall Armyworm has significantly contributed to reduced harvests in 2017. In 2023/24, the El Niño-induced drought, combined with pest outbreaks, affected more than 70 districts and destroyed nearly half of the planted maize area, resulting in below-average harvests in 2025. Although national maize production recovered in the 2026 production season, localized weather shocks continue to limit food production in the most affected provinces. Mining is a key pillar of Zambia’s economy, with copper and other minerals accounting for about 70 percent of export earnings and serving as the main source of foreign exchange. The sector provides employment and income opportunities for urban households through direct mining jobs and related activities, including trade, transport, construction, and services. Many urban households are heavily dependent on markets for food, leaving them vulnerable to supply disruptions, slowdowns in the mining sector, and food price shocks. Urban employment trends have improved modestly in recent years, supported by increased mining investment, construction activity, and growth in the services sector. Most urban households rely on informal activities, including petty trade, casual labor, transportation services, and small businesses, for income. Consequently, poor urban households remain highly sensitive to fluctuations in food prices and to changes in economic conditions that affect income-earning opportunities. Learn more Follow these links for additional information: Latest Zambia context report Overview of FEWS NET’s scenario development methodology FEWS NET’s approach to estimating the population in need Overview of the IPC and IPC-compatible analysis FEWS NET’s approach to humanitarian food assistance analysis Current anomalies in food security conditions as of June 2026 Rainfall and seasonal performance: Rainfall countrywide was generally favorable from October 2025 to March 2026, although late-season and erratic rainfall occurred into June. Localized flooding along the Zambezi River in April affected parts of Western Province, particularly Kalabo, Nalolo, Shangombo, and Sikongo districts, resulting in crop losses and disruptions to agricultural activities. Localized dry spells and periods of moisture stress in late January to February were reported in parts of the Southern and Western provinces, including the districts of Gwembe, Sinazongwe, Choma, Kalomo, Monze, Namwala, Pemba, Zimba, Kazungula, and Sesheke. 2026 maize harvest: Zambia is projected to produce 5 million metric tons of maize for the 2026 main season harvest, a 30 percent increase from the 2025 harvest and the highest maize harvest on record in the country. Favorable production was driven by generally good rainfall across most agricultural areas and an expanded planted area, enabled by improved access to inputs. However, localized flooding in parts of Western Province and dry spells in parts of Southern and Western provinces led to below-average production. Despite these localized anomalies, national food availability is favorable, with the overall above-average harvest. Economic conditions: The Zambian Kwacha (ZMW) strengthened significantly from 22 ZMW/USD in January 2026 to approximately 18 ZMW/USD by June 2026, supported by higher copper export earnings, improved foreign-exchange liquidity, and progress on debt restructuring. Food stock: The Food Reserve Agency (FRA) is purchasing maize from surplus-producing areas, thereby increasing the national food stock. It is currently procuring at least 500,000 metric tons of maize at prices above the local market price, and the volume of purchases exceeds levels in previous years. Maize prices: Maize prices have declined following the arrival of the harvest to the market in April 2026. According to the Zambia Statistics Agency (ZamStats), the national average price of maize grain declined by 15.5 percent between April and May 2026 and was 10.8 percent lower than in May 2025. However, prices remain elevated compared to the five-year average in remote markets such as Kalabo, where high transportation costs and localized production shortfalls continue to constrain market access and purchasing power. Livestock: Livestock health and body condition are generally favorable, given adequate pasture and water availability during the 2025/26 rainfall season. However, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks and associated livestock movement restrictions put in place by the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock to control the spread of the disease remain in effect across parts of the Western and Southern provinces, including the districts of Sesheke, Shangombo, Nalolo, Senanga, Sioma, Mulobezi, Mwandi, Kazungula, Namwala, Monze, and Choma. These restrictions are disrupting livestock marketing and limiting income from cattle sales, livestock trading, and draft power services. Fishing: Fishing-dependent households across major fisheries have below-average income earning opportunities. Reduced catches have been reported in the Upper Zambezi and Barotse floodplain system, the Mweru–Luapula and Bangweulu fisheries, Lake Tanganyika, and Lake Kariba, driven by declining fish stocks, increased fishing pressure, and fisheries management measures, including seasonal fishing bans. Labor: Agricultural labor opportunities have improved seasonally with harvesting underway across much of the country, providing above-average labor opportunities in surplus-producing areas of Central, Eastern, Muchinga, Northern, and parts of Southern Provinces. However, labor demand remains below average in localized flood-affected areas of Western Province. Humanitarian food assistance Emergency food assistance is ongoing among refugees in the Mantapala, Meheba, and Mayukwayukwa settlements, where WFP and other partners continue to provide food and cash assistance to 113,000 people. Current acute food insecurity outcomes as of June 2026 Southern and southwestern Zambia Stressed (IPC Phase 2) outcomes are ongoing in the Western and Southwestern parts of Zambia. Food consumption has improved with households meeting their food needs through access to food from own production as the main harvest is ongoing. However, poor households affected by localized dry spells, flooding, and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) restrictions, have reduced income from agricultural labor and livestock sales, resulting in atypically low purchasing power. These households are unable to meet essential non-food needs, such as livestock medicines, education, and healthcare. Northern, eastern, central, and northwestern Zambia Minimal (IPC Phase 1) outcomes are ongoing across most of northern, eastern, central, and northwestern Zambia. Households have adequate access to food from own-produced stocks and income from crop sales, including tobacco and cotton, agricultural labor, and other typical livelihood activities. Improved market supplies and seasonally lower staple food prices support food consumption and strengthen purchasing power, allowing most households to meet both their food and non-food needs. Most maize producers' purchasing power has further increased, supported by the Food Reserve Agency (FRA)'s plans to procure at least 500,000 metric tons of maize at prices above the local market. Currently, Minimal (IPC Phase 1) outcomes continue in most urban and mining-dominated areas. Most households can maintain adequate food consumption levels due to improved economic conditions and income from construction and artisanal mining, supporting purchasing power purchasing power. Key assumptions about atypical food security conditions underpinning the most likely scenario through January 2027 The start of the October 2026 to March 2027 rainy season between October 2026 and January 2027 is expected to be delayed with below-average rainfall in southern and western Zambia, driven by the continuation of the El Niño event (Figure 1). Temperatures are expected to remain above average during the peak dry season, particularly in September and October, increasing pressure on water and pasture resources and driving soil moisture decreases. Maize grain prices are expected to decline seasonally from June through August, following the record harvest and favorable market supply, before gradually rising from September onward during the lean season as household stocks decline and market dependence increases. Prices are expected to track closely to last year’s levels and remain above the five-year average. Increased cross-border trade following the lifting of maize export restrictions is likely to support producer prices. Source: University of Botswana RAMP Lab, CHIRPSv3, UCSB CHC Agricultural labor opportunities are expected to decline seasonally from June through September, following the completion of the main harvest. These opportunities are expected to be below average starting in October, due to anticipated reductions in land preparation and planting activities in southern and southwestern Zambia between August 2026 and January 2027. Livestock body conditions are expected to remain favorable from June through August, then deteriorate seasonally during the dry season. Pasture and water availability are expected to gradually decline starting in August, with the most constrained conditions occurring between September and October, particularly in southern and western grazing areas. Fishing catches are expected to decline from October 2026 to January 2027 in Luapula, Northern, Southern, and Western provinces due to the annual fishing ban. The Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock introduced a ban on fishing to allow replenishment, starting in December and continuing through at least January. Fishermen's income is expected to be below average, though fish prices are expected to be higher than in previous years, as dried fish will be the only source of income for fishermen. Humanitarian food assistance WFP and humanitarian organizations are expected to continue providing food and cash-based assistance to refugee and asylum-seeker populations in Mantapala, Meheba, and Mayukwayukwa settlements. However, the number of people benefiting from humanitarian food assistance is expected to decline. Approximately 113,000 refugees and asylum seekers are expected to receive humanitarian assistance. Projected acute food insecurity outcomes through January 2027 Southern and southwestern Zambia Stressed (IPC Phase 2) outcomes are expected to persist across much of southern and southwestern Zambia through January 2027. Most households are expected to meet their minimum food consumption needs, supported by the availability of own produced foods from the main harvest. However, food stocks will be depleted from October 2026 to January 2027, increasing household reliance on market purchases amid lower purchasing power, as income from agricultural labor are expected to decline. Most households are expected to meet their minimum food needs but will have difficulty covering essential non-food and livelihood expenses. Districts including Choma, Namwala, Itezhi tezhi, and Mumbwa are expected to deteriorate from Minimal (IPC Phase 1) to Stressed (IPC Phase 2) from October 2026 through at least January 2027. Some households are expected to be in Crisis (IPC Phase 3) outcomes during this period, as their food stocks are depleted and their purchasing power is further limited. These households will have food consumption gaps and are likely to adopt coping strategies, such as reducing meal size and frequency. Northern, eastern, central, and northwestern Zambia Minimal (IPC Phase 1) outcomes are expected across most of northern, eastern, central, and northwestern Zambia from June to September 2026, supported by above-average household food stocks and higher purchasing power, allowing households to cover food and non-food expenses. Starting in October, food stocks are expected to gradually decline, and households will increasingly rely on market purchases. Although agricultural labor opportunities are expected to be below average in some areas due to anticipated El Niño impacts, most households are expected to maintain adequate food consumption from their own food stocks, petty trade, livestock products, and other livelihood activities. Poor households in localized areas of the east and central regions, including Chibombo, Serenje, Mambwe, Petauke, and Nyimba districts, that will be affected by below-average rainfall are expected to deteriorate from Minimal (IPC Phase 1) to Stressed (IPC Phase 2) from October 2026 through at least January 2027. Most households continue to meet their food needs, while reduced purchasing power and increased market dependence constrain their ability to meet essential non-food needs. Minimal (IPC Phase 1) outcomes are expected to persist across most urban and mining-dominated areas through January 2027. Most households will access adequate food, though staple food prices are expected to rise seasonally starting in September. Households’ purchasing power remains strong, supported by relatively stable macroeconomic conditions and continued income from employment, petty trade, transport services, construction, and artisanal mining. Most households are expected to meet basic food needs; however, rising food prices are expected to erode the purchasing power of some poor urban households, limiting spending on non-food needs. Annex 1: Key sources of evidence used in this analysis Evidence SourceData format Food security element of analysis Livelihoods profilesFEWS NET Qualitative Typical sources of food and income by livelihood zone Rainfall performance, dry spells, floodingZambia Meteorological DepartmentQuantitative/qualitativeSeasonal performance and current anomalies El Niño outlookNOAA / FEWS NETQuantitative/qualitativeWeather assumptions for the 2026/27 season Crop production estimatesMinistry of AgricultureQuantitativeFood availability and household stocks Crop losses and floodingPeople in Need (PIN)QualitativeLocalized flooding Maize supply and FRA procurementMinistry of Agriculture / FRAQuantitativeNational food availability and market supply Staple food prices and inflation Zambia Statistical Agency (ZamStat) Trading economics QuantitativeFood access and purchasing power Exchange rate trendsBank of ZambiaQuantitativeMacroeconomic conditions and purchasing power Fish stock dataFAOQualitativeSources of income FMD outbreaks and livestock movement restrictionsMinistry of Fisheries and LivestockQualitativeLivestock income and livelihood access Fish catches and fishing restrictionsDepartment of FisheriesQualitativeFishing income and food access Refugee population and food assistanceUNHCR/WFPQuantitative/qualitativeHumanitarian food assistance Field observations and key informant informationField assessment / KIIsQualitativeLocal validation of shocks, markets, and livelihoods Annex 2: FEWS NET’s analytical approach explained Early warning of acute food insecurity outcomes requires forecasting months in advance to provide decision makers with sufficient time to budget, plan, and respond to expected humanitarian crises. However, due to the complex and variable factors that influence acute food insecurity, definitive predictions are impossible. Scenario Development is a methodology that allows FEWS NET to meet decision makers’ needs by developing a “most likely” scenario of the future. FEWS NET’s scenario development process applies the Disaster Risk Reduction framework and a livelihoods-based lens to assess acute food insecurity outcomes. A household’s risk of acute food insecurity depends not only on hazards (such as drought) but also the household’s vulnerability to these hazards (e.g., the level of dependence on rainfed crop production for food and income) and coping capacity (which considers both the household’s ability to cope with a given hazard and the use of negative coping strategies that harm future capacity). To evaluate these factors, FEWS NET bases this analysis on a strong foundational understanding of local livelihoods. FEWS NET’s scenario development process also accounts for the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework; the Four Dimensions of Food Security; and UNICEF’s Nutrition Conceptual Framework, and is closely aligned with the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) analytical framework. How does FEWS NET analyze current acute food insecurity outcomes? FEWS NET assesses the extent to which households can meet their minimum caloric needs. This analysis converges evidence of current food security conditions with available direct evidence of household-level food consumption and livelihood change. FEWS NET also considers available area-level evidence of nutritional status and mortality, focusing on whether these reflect the physiological impacts of acute food insecurity. FEWS NET uses the globally recognized five-phase Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) scale to classify current acute food insecurity outcomes, and the analysis is IPC-compatible. In addition, FEWS NET applies the “!” symbol to designate areas where the mapped IPC Phase would likely be at least one IPC Phase worse without the effects of ongoing humanitarian food assistance. How does FEWS NET develop key assumptions underpinning the most likely scenario? A key step in FEWS NET’s scenario development process is the development of evidence-based assumptions about factors that affect food security. These include hazards and anomalies in food security conditions that will impact the evolution of household food and income during the projection period, as well as factors that may affect nutritional status. FEWS NET also develops assumptions about factors expected to behave normally. Together, these assumptions form the foundation of the “most likely” scenario. How does FEWS NET analyze projected acute food insecurity outcomes? Using the key assumptions that underpin the “most likely” scenario, FEWS NET projects acute food insecurity outcomes by assessing the evolution of households’ ability to meet their minimum caloric needs over time. FEWS NET converges expectations of the likely trajectory of household-level food consumption and livelihood change with area-level nutritional status and mortality. FEWS NET then classifies acute food insecurity outcomes using the IPC scale. Lastly, FEWS NET applies the “!” symbol to designate any areas where the mapped IPC Phase would likely be at least one IPC Phase worse without the effects of planned – and likely to be funded and delivered – food assistance. How does FEWS NET analyze humanitarian food assistance? Humanitarian food assistance – defined as emergency food assistance (in-kind, cash, or voucher) – may play a key role in mitigating the severity of acute food insecurity outcomes. FEWS NET analysts always incorporate available information on food assistance, with the caveat that such information can vary significantly across geographies and over time. In line with IPC protocols, FEWS NET uses the best available information to assess where food assistance is “significant” (defined by at least 25 percent of households in a given area receiving at least 25 percent of their caloric requirements through food assistance). In addition, FEWS NET conducts deeper analysis of the likely impacts of food assistance on the severity of outcomes, as detailed in FEWS NET’s guidance on Integrating Humanitarian Food Assistance into Scenario Development. Annex 3: Seasonal calendar Source: FEWS NET Annex 4: FEWS NET’s Household Economy Analysis (HEA) Outcome Analysis (OA) To inform the June 2026 to January 2027 Zambia Food Security Outlook (FSO), FEWS NET conducted a Household Economy Analysis (HEA) Outcome Analysis (OA) to assess how access to food and cash income will be affected by ongoing and anticipated shocks. HEA OA is one of six direct food consumption outcome indicators in the IPC Acute Food Insecurity reference table and is used in FEWS NET’s convergence-of-evidence approach. It is the only outcome indicator that provides evidence of future outcomes. FEWS NET considers two main factors to assess the reliability of HEA OA results as direct evidence of food consumption: Likely accuracy of the problem specifications, which is largely dependent on the availability of credible information to estimate or make inferences about key sources of food and income. Relevance of the baseline to current livelihoods, which is often – but not always – tied to the age of the baseline. FEWS NET assesses that the information available for developing problem specifications for the Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize, and Tobacco livelihood zone in Choma district of Zambia was sufficient, though with some deficiencies. The reference year for the baseline of Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize and Tobacco livelihood zone is April 2013 – March 2014, and FEWS NET assesses the current relevance of the baseline is moderate. Based on these factors, FEWS NET has moderate confidence that the results of the HEA OA accurately present the size of food consumption deficits experienced by the population group of analysis. Problem specifications: The table below provides a broad overview of the quantity and price problem specifications (PS) behind the HEA OA. A PS translates a shock into household-level food security consequences through quantitative assumptions about the quantities and prices of key food and cash income sources during the projection period, relative to levels documented in the reference year. While the OA assigns a point estimate to each key food and cash income source (e.g., maize, wheat, rice), the annex summarizes these point estimates into broader categories (e.g., main staple grains) and approximate ranges for a high-level summary. Results: As shown in the PS table, two sets of OA results are presented. Annual results are presented in graphs with three bars. The first (left) bar shows the relative importance of different food and cash income sources in the reference year (a typical year). The second (middle) bar shows the sources of food and cash income available in the year of analysis, after incorporating the impact of shocks and household coping capacity. This is compared against two thresholds shown in the third bar: the Survival Threshold and the Livelihoods Protection Threshold. Seasonal results are presented in a graph with multiple bars showing month-by-month results for the consumption year. This is where FEWS NET derives results that inform projections of acute food insecurity outcomes over the eight-month FSO period. The Survival Threshold represents the costs of covering the minimum food needs (2,100 kilocalories per person per day) and other essential survival items (e.g., soap, salt, kerosene for cooking, water for consumption). The Livelihoods Protection Threshold represents the cost of the Survival Threshold plus the costs of maintaining livelihoods (e.g., commodities and services such as productive inputs, health, and education). HEA OA outcome indicator thresholds with associated IPC Phases Minimal (IPC Phase 1) Stressed (IPC Phase 2) Crisis (IPC Phase 3) Emergency (IPC Phase 4) Famine (IPC Phase 5) No livelihood protection deficit Small or moderate livelihood protection deficit <80%Livelihood protection deficit ≥80%; survival deficit <20%Survival deficit ≥20% but <50%Survival deficit ≥50% Population group: OA is typically conducted across three to four wealth groups which are the population group of analysis, i.e., Very Poor (VP), Poor (P), Middle (M) and Better Off (BO) households. Description of scenario(s): FEWS NET conducted a countrywide OA for all 21 livelihood zones of Zambia. For illustrative purposes, FEWS NET selected the results of the ZM 09, Southern Plateau Cattle, Maize and Tobacco livelihood zone in Choma district, to be presented in this annex. As an input to the FSO analysis, FEWS NET conducted the OA based on the most likely scenario, and the PS and results for this scenario are summarized below. Problem specifications: Food or income sourceProblem specificationsJustification Quantity produced or collected Crop production, including all area-specific key parameters among main staple grains, pulses, legumes, tubers, vegetables, fruits, etc. Maize grain – 76 to 99% Tubers (sweet potatoes) - 100% Pulses (pigeon peas) - 76 to 99% Legumes (groundnuts) - 76 to 99% Other crops (cotton) – 100% Maize, pigeon peas, and groundnut production were marginally below average due to localized dry spells and flooding. Other crops, such as sweet potatoes and cotton, had average yields. Livestock and milk production, including all area-specific key parameters among camels, cattle, sheep, goats, etc. Livestock herd sizes (cattle) - 76 to 99% Livestock herd sizes (goats) – 100% Milk production - 100% Cattle numbers marginally decreased following disease outbreaks. However, goat numbers remained at average levels following average production conditions. Other food and income sources, including labor, petty trade, gifts/remittances, wild foods, fish, typical social safety nets, and other Agriculture labor cultivation - 51 to 75% Agriculture labor harvesting – 76 to 99% Self-employment – 100% Other (petty trade, firewood) – 100% Cultivation labor availability in the 2026/27 agricultural season is expected to decline following the anticipated El Niño season and reduced capacity among better-off households to hire labor. The availability of harvesting labor declined following below-average harvests, while self-employment and other income sources remained average. Prices for items sold - income sources Crop production, including all area-specific key parameters among main staple grains, pulses, legumes, tubers, vegetables, fruits, etc. Main staple grains(maize)- 251 to 300% Tubers (sweet potatoes) – 251 to 300% Pulses (cowpeas) - 251 to 300% Other crops(Groundnuts) - 251 to 300% Price increases for crops were mainly driven by increased demand. Livestock and milk production, including all area-specific key parameters among camels, cattle, sheep, goats, etc. Herd sizes (cattle) - 251 to 300% Herd sizes (goats) - 251 to 300% Milk production - 251 to 300% Livestock and milk prices increased following improved livestock body conditions. Other food and income sources, including labor, petty trade, gifts/remittances, wild foods, fish, and other Agriculture labor - 251 to 300% Non-agriculture labor - 251 to 300% Self-employment - 251 to 300% Other (petty trade) - 251 to 300% Wage rates for agricultural and non-agricultural labor activities increased over the years, affecting current price levels. Prices for items bought - food and basic non-food items Main staple grains and other staples (pulses, oils, etc.) Staple grains (maize) - 401 to 500% Maize prices are expected to rise due to localized production shortfalls and higher demand during the lean season. Livelihood protection items that are key parameters, including all area-specific key parameters among agriculture inputs, health, education, and more Inputs (fertilizer) - 251 to 300% Education and health - 251 to 300% Fertilizer, education, and health prices increased following inflationary pressure Inflation (changes in inflation compared to reference year)251 – 300%Inflation has increased over the years, although it has stabilized in recent years. The increases were driven by monetary policy challenges, drought, and fuel price increases Results: Annual OA results Source: FEWS NET Seasonal OA results Source: Seasonal OA results mtesfasilassie… Fri, 07/10/2026 - 13:21 Download the report 5